SPORT STADIUM AERODYNAMICS
Bert Blocken, PhD - Unit Building Physics and Services
- Department of the Built Environment
Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
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New large sports stadia are often multifunctional buildings - apart from sports
purposes, they are also used for concerts and other events with large spectator
attendance. Regardless of whether the stadium can be closed or not, spectator
comfort, thermal comfort and shelter from wind and rain, should be ensured.
Research
efforts on sport stadium aerodynamics included/includes the following aspects:
1. Pedestrian wind
comfort around sport stadia
Blocken B, Persoon J. 2009.
Pedestrian wind comfort around a large football
stadium in an urban environment: CFD simulation, validation and application of
the new Dutch wind nuisance standard.
Journal of Wind
Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
97(5-6): 255-270. (preprint:
)
doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2009.06.007
2. Heating,
ventilation and airconditioning in stadia - thermal comfort
van Hooff T, Blocken B,
2010.
Coupled urban wind flow and indoor natural ventilation
modelling on a high-resolution grid: a case study for the Amsterdam ArenA stadium.
Environmental Modelling & Software
25(1): 51-65. (preprint: )
doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.07.008
van Hooff T, Blocken B,
2010. On the effect
of wind direction and urban surroundings on natural ventilation of a large
semi-enclosed stadium. Computers & Fluids.
In press. (preprint: )
doi:10.1016/j.compfluid.2010.02.004
3. Wind-driven rain
in stadia
Persoon J, van Hooff T, Blocken B, Carmeliet J, de Wit MH. 2008. Impact of roof
geometry on rain shelter in football stadia.
Journal of Wind
Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
96(8-9): 1274-1293.
(preprint:
)
doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.036]
A few examples of previous studies are given below - mainly in graphical format. Additional information can be found in the publications or can be obtained upon request.
Amsterdam ArenA
stadium - Amsterdam, The Netherlands
van Hooff T, Blocken B, 2010. Coupled urban wind flow and indoor natural ventilation modelling on a high-resolution grid: a case study for the Amsterdam ArenA stadium. Environmental Modelling & Software 25(1): 51-65. (preprint: ) doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.07.008
van Hooff T, Blocken B, 2010. On the effect of wind direction and urban surroundings on natural ventilation of a large semi-enclosed stadium. Computers & Fluids. In press. (preprint: ) doi:10.1016/j.compfluid.2010.02.004
Amsterdam ArenA football stadium, view from ABN-Amro tower. The stadium roof is open in this picture. |
Stadium interior - location of two of the measurement positions for air speed, air temperature and relative humidity. |
Measurements made around and inside the stadium. |
Detail of computational grid. For more information, see . |
Velocity vectors in a vertical plane - illustrating downflow along the stadium facade. For more information, see . |
Rain shelter in football stadia
[Persoon J, van Hooff T, Blocken B, Carmeliet J, de Wit MH. 2008. Impact of roof geometry on rain shelter in football stadia. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 96(8-9): 1274-1293. (preprint: ) doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.036]
Generic stadium configuration (right) based on the AZ stadium (left) designed by Zwarts and Jansma Architects. |